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| − | PAHs | + | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), also known as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are potent atmospheric pollutants that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents.[2] Naphthalene is the simplest example of a PAH. PAHs occur in oil, coal, and tar deposits, and are produced as byproducts of fuel burning (whether fossil fuel or biomass). As a pollutant, they are of concern because some compounds have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. PAHs are also found in cooked foods. Studies have shown that high levels of PAHs are found, for example, in meat cooked at high temperatures such as grilling or barbecuing, and in smoked fish.[3][4][5] They are also found in the interstellar medium, in comets, and in meteorites and are a candidate molecule to act as a basis for the earliest forms of life.[6] In graphene the PAH motif is extended to large 2D sheets |
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Revision as of 10:27, 13 November 2012
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), also known as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are potent atmospheric pollutants that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents.[2] Naphthalene is the simplest example of a PAH. PAHs occur in oil, coal, and tar deposits, and are produced as byproducts of fuel burning (whether fossil fuel or biomass). As a pollutant, they are of concern because some compounds have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. PAHs are also found in cooked foods. Studies have shown that high levels of PAHs are found, for example, in meat cooked at high temperatures such as grilling or barbecuing, and in smoked fish.[3][4][5] They are also found in the interstellar medium, in comets, and in meteorites and are a candidate molecule to act as a basis for the earliest forms of life.[6] In graphene the PAH motif is extended to large 2D sheets
Benzo-a-pyrene
naphthalene
- PAHs 의 구조
wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon
Metabolism
Non - ligninolytic fungi
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 와 epoxide hydrolase 에 의해 trans-dihydrodiol 을 형성하거나 비효소적인 재배열을 통해
Phenol 이 되고 , conjugate 를 형성 한다 .
몇 몇 fungi 는 trans-dihydrodiol 과 Phenol을 sulfation , methylation 이나 glucose,xylose,glucuronic acid 와의 conjugation 을 통해 대사 시킬수 있다.
- Acenaphthene : C.elegans 에 의해 6-hydroxyacenaphthenone, 1,2-acenaphthenedione, trans -1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene, cis 1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene으로 대사 되어진다.
- Fluorene : C.elegans 에 의해 9-fluorenol , 9 -fluorenone ,2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone 으로 대사 되며 , 그외 여러 fungi 도 fluorene 을 산화 시킬수 있다. (Fluorene -> 9-Fluorenol ->9-Fluorenone -> 2- Hydroxy- 9 - fluorenone )
- Anthracene : C.elegans 에 의해 anthracene trans -1,2 - dihydrodiol enantiomer 와 1-anthryl sulfate 로 대사 되며 이외에 Rhizoctonia solani,
Cryphonectria parasitica , Rhizopus arrhizus ,C.echinulata ,Cladosporium herbarum에 의해 대사 되어 진다고 알려져 있다 .
알려진 그룹
| Class | Genus |
| Zygomycetes | cunninghamella blakesleeana , M verrucosa |
| C.ehinulata ,Mucor racemosus | |
| C.elgans 외 3 Genus | |
| Ascomycetes | Cryphonectria parasitica ,Neurospora crassa 외 4 Genus |
| Blastomycetes | Candida krusei , Rhodotorula gutinis 외 5 Genus |
| Hyphomycetes | Aspergillus niger , Monosporium olivaceum 외 30 Genus |
| Coelomycetes | Cinnobolus cesatii , C,sporulosum 외 3 Genus |
참고 Potential of Penicillium Species in the Bioremediation
Ligninolytic fungi(nutrient-limited)
Extracellular lignolytic enzyme에 의한 non specific radical oxidation 에 의해 분해된다.
- Extracellular lignolytic enzyme
Oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Ligninolytic fungi
출처 :Fungal metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: past, present and future applications in bioremediation
알려진 group
- Phanerochaete chrysosprium
- Trametes versicolor
- Pleurotus ostreatus